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Welcome to the ultimate guide to Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda, one of the three sanctuaries for the endangered mountain gorillas within the Virunga Mountains. This guide covers everything you need to know about the park, from its diverse wildlife and lush vegetation to its iconic volcanoes and the historic Dian Fossey tomb. Whether you’re planning a gorilla safari or simply exploring the park’s natural beauty, we’ve got you covered with essential travel tips, including how to book gorilla permits, what to wear for gorilla trekking, the best times to visit Rwanda, and accommodation options.

A gorilla tour in Volcanoes National Park is a life-changing experience, offering an intimate encounter with our wild cousins, the endangered mountain gorillas, with whom we share 98% of our DNA. The Park is home to 12 habituated gorilla groups, including the famous Susa, Amahoro, Sabyinyo, Agashya, Umubano, and Kwitonda families. Each trek through the dense forest is a unique adventure, providing a rare opportunity to observe these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat.

In addition to gorilla trekking, Volcanoes National Park boasts a rich array of wildlife, including golden monkeys, various bird species, and a plethora of plant life. The park’s diverse ecosystems range from bamboo forests to open grasslands, each offering a unique glimpse into Rwanda’s natural heritage. The towering volcanoes, such as Mount Karisimbi and Mount Bisoke, add to the park’s dramatic landscape, making it a haven for hikers and nature enthusiasts.

For those interested in the park’s history, a visit to the Dian Fossey tomb is a must. Fossey’s pioneering work in gorilla conservation has left a lasting legacy, and her resting place serves as a poignant reminder of the ongoing efforts to protect these incredible animals.

Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or a first-time visitor, this guide will help you make the most of your trip to Volcanoes National Park. Prepare for an unforgettable adventure that combines wildlife, conservation, and cultural experiences in one of Africa’s most breathtaking destinations.

Volcanoes National Park is the premier destination for gorilla safaris in Rwanda, boasting the highest population of mountain gorillas within the Virunga Conservation Area. Conveniently located just a two-hour drive from Kigali International Airport, it is the most accessible gorilla national park globally. In addition to gorillas, the park is home to golden monkeys, a variety of bird species, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, offering a comprehensive Rwandan safari experience.

Covering an area of 160 square kilometres in northern Rwanda, Volcanoes National Park is part of the larger Virunga volcano conservation region, which also includes Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. Initially established to protect mountain gorillas from the threat of poaching, the park originally encompassed the areas around the Karisimbi, Mikeno, and Visoke volcanoes.

In 1929, Volcanoes National Park was expanded to include parts of Rwanda and what was then Belgian Congo, and it was renamed Albert National Park under the management of the Belgian Colonial Authorities. By the early 1960s, as Rwanda and Congo gained independence, the park was divided, resulting in a significant reduction in its size by the end of the decade.

In 1967, American primatologist Dian Fossey, who had been researching mountain gorillas in the Congo, fled due to insecurity and established her research base between the Visoke and Karisimbi volcanoes, later known as the Karisoke Research Center. Fossey led a vigorous conservation campaign to protect the mountain gorillas, mobilizing resources to combat poaching until her tragic murder in 1985. She was laid to rest at the research center, next to her beloved gorilla, Digit.

Despite ongoing conservation efforts, the park continued to face challenges from poaching. In the early 1990s, it became a battleground during Rwanda’s civil war, which halted tourism activities until 1999. To enhance conservation and promote gorilla tourism, Rwanda introduced the annual Kwita Izina ceremony in 2005, where baby gorillas are named. This initiative has significantly contributed to the growth of the gorilla population in Volcanoes National Park.

Volcanoes National Park is not only a sanctuary for the endangered mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) but also a haven for a diverse array of wildlife. The Park is home to golden monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis kandti), spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), elephants, black-fronted duikers (Cephalophus niger), and bushbucks (Tragelaphus scriptus). Additionally, it boasts an impressive avian population with 178 bird species, including at least 29 species endemics to the Rwenzori Mountains and the Virunga region.

Gorilla trekking in Rwanda is possible year-round, but the optimal times to visit are during the drier seasons, from December to early March and June to September. The long dry season, from December to March, sees temperatures occasionally reaching up to 29°C. In contrast, the months from March to mid-May and July to September are typically rainy.

Rwanda enjoys favorable weather throughout the year, but the dry season is particularly ideal for wildlife viewing. This period is also the best for gorilla trekking, as there’s a lower chance of rain, making the hiking terrain in the rainforest more manageable. However, it’s still wise to bring waterproof clothing due to the unpredictable Equatorial climate. Keep in mind that this is also the peak tourist season, so prices for accommodation and car hire may be higher.

For budget-conscious travelers, the wet season offers its advantages. Hotels often have lower occupancy rates and provide discounts on food and lodging. Additionally, there is less competition for gorilla permits, increasing your chances of securing one to see these magnificent creatures.

Volcanoes National Park is situated in the village of Musanze, formerly known as Ruhengeri. This location is easily accessible by public transport from Gisenyi, Kigali, or the airport. The drive to the park takes about two hours, making it feasible to embark on a gorilla trekking adventure and return to Kigali on the same day.

To participate in gorilla trekking, you must arrive at the ORTPN headquarters in Kinigi, located at the park entrance, by 7:00 am. This means an early start is essential if you plan to complete the trek in a single day. It’s important to note that there is no public transport available from Musanze to the park headquarters in Kinigi.

To trek mountain gorillas in Rwanda, you’ll need a gorilla permit issued by the Rwanda Development Board (RDB). Each permit costs $1,500 per person for foreign non-residents, $500 for foreign residents and $200 for East African Citizens for, and only 96 permits are available daily. These can be booked online or through a trusted local tour agent. Due to their limited availability, it’s crucial to book your permit at least six months in advance to secure your spot.

How to Acquire a Rwanda Gorilla Permit

When planning your gorilla trek in Volcanoes National Park, it’s essential to secure your permit well ahead of your visit, as they sell out quickly. Here is a way to obtain your permit:

Through a Travel Agency

Booking through a reputable tour operator in Rwanda is another reliable option. They can handle the permit acquisition process for you.

Permit Pricing and Discounts

Standard Permit: $1,500 for non-residents, $500 for foreign residents and $200 for East African residents, and citizens.

Discounts:

30% off ($1,050) if you visit other Rwandan national parks (Akagera, Nyungwe) for at least three days during the low season (November to May).

15% off ($1,275) for conference attendees who stay before or after MICE events.

$15,000 for a private gorilla trekking experience with a personalized tour guide.

$30,000 for a minimum of three visitors for three consecutive days (Behind the Scenes experience).

Important Notes

• Booking Early: It’s highly advisable to book your permit well in advance, as Volcanoes National Park hosts 10 gorilla groups, each visited by only one group of eight people per day for one hour.
• Refunds/Cancellations: The Rwanda Development Board offers a 50% refund if you show signs of illness and are deemed unfit to trek by the park warden.
• Tracking Time: Briefings start at 7:00 am at the Kinigi park headquarters, and trekking runs from 8:30 am to 7:00 pm. All visitors must return to the camp by 7:00 pm.
• Passport Information: After booking confirmation, you’ll need to provide your full name, passport number, and country of issuance to the RDB.
• Age Requirement: You must be over 15 years old to obtain a gorilla viewing permit.

When planning your gorilla trekking adventure in Volcanoes National Park, it’s essential to pack a few key items to ensure a memorable and comfortable experience. Here are some recommendations:

• Small Backpack: Handy for carrying water, packed lunch, camera, and binoculars.
• Hiking Boots: Lightweight, waterproof boots with good ankle support are crucial due to the forest’s terrain and altitude.
• Clothing: Bring a light jumper and breathable, waterproof jacket and trousers. The weather can be unpredictable, so layers are best. Long-sleeved shirts and trousers are also recommended to protect against insects.
• Socks: Comfortable, lightweight long wool socks are ideal for trekking in a tropical forest.
• Sweater: Useful for cool evenings and chilly mornings.
• Hat and Sunglasses: A bush hat with a brim for sun protection and sunglasses with a neck strap are essential.
• Sun Cream: Necessary to protect your skin from the sun.
• Camera Gear: A video or photo camera with extra lenses and spare batteries. You’ll want to capture as many memories as possible during your one-hour encounter with the gorillas.
• Torch: LED models are lightweight and have good battery life.
• Insect Repellent: To protect against mosquito bites and other insects.
• Garden Gloves: These will protect your hands from germs and scratches.
• Binoculars: Great for spotting other wildlife, such as birds and primates, during your trek.
• Energy Snacks and Water: Trekking can take anywhere from 30 minutes to eight hours, so bring energy-giving snacks and plenty of water.
• Porter: Hiring a porter is highly recommended. They can assist you during the trek, making the journey more manageable.

Planning a gorilla safari in Rwanda? We’ve got you covered with reliable information on the best lodges, hotels, and accommodations in and around Volcanoes National Park. Whether you’re looking for luxury, midrange, or budget options, our curated list of top lodges in this “Land of a Thousand Hills” will help you find the perfect place to stay. Ensuring a safe, comfortable, and tranquil environment is essential for a successful and enjoyable safari. Below, you’ll find a comprehensive list of accommodations in Rwanda, catering to all preferences and budgets.

Five Volcanoes Boutique Hotel

Nestled in the heart of the “Land of a Thousand Hills,” Five Volcanoes Boutique Hotel offers luxurious accommodations with stunning views of the rolling hills. The hotel features 13 elegantly designed rooms (double/twin) and a VIP cottage, all equipped with air conditioning, flat-screen TVs, refrigerators, and kettles.

Mountain Gorillas’ Nest Lodge

Located in northern Rwanda’s Musanze district, this super luxury lodge is surrounded by a forest of Eucalyptus trees. It offers family-sized accommodations at Jack Hannah’s cottages, providing breathtaking views of Rwanda’s hills and the slopes of Volcanoes National Park.

Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge

Situated in Musanze district, close to the Parc National des Volcans headquarters, Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge is an excellent base for gorilla trekking. The lodge is located at the foothills of the Virunga ranges, offering magnificent views of the rolling hills.

Best View Hotel

Located in Ruhengeri, Best View Hotel is a top choice for travelers visiting Volcanoes National Park and other parts of Rwanda. The hotel offers high-quality accommodation with free Wi-Fi and flat-screen TVs with satellite channels in all rooms.

Faraja Hotel

Faraja Hotel, located along the Ruhengeri-Gisenyi road in Musanze, offers a home-away-from-home experience with stunning views of the Virunga volcanoes. The hotel has 38 cottages, including 12 king-size rooms, 10 standard singles, 12 queen-size rooms, 3 singles, and 1 junior suite. All rooms feature private bathrooms, warm showers, and free Wi-Fi.

Garden Place Hotel

Situated in Ruhengeri, Garden Place Hotel offers stylish and comfortable accommodations for both business and holiday travelers. The hotel is a 1.5-hour drive from the airport and features 28 rooms, including 17 doubles, 2 VIP rooms, and 9 standard rooms.

Da Vinci Gorilla Lodge

Da Vinci Gorilla Lodge offers five self-contained cottages designed to provide privacy in a natural setting. The lodge boasts experienced staff who deliver excellent service, and it serves quality local and international cuisine along with a variety of beverages.

Mountain Gorilla View Lodge

Located in Musanze district, near Volcanoes National Park, Mountain Gorilla View Lodge sits at the foothills of Mount Sabinyo, part of the Virunga ranges. The lodge offers a perfect base for exploring the park.

Gorilla Solution Lodge

Situated in the Kinigi sector of Musanze/Ruhengeri district, Gorilla Solution Lodge is about a 2-hour drive from Kigali airport. The lodge is set in the shadows of Mt. Karisimbi, overlooking the Virunga volcanoes.

Hotel Muhabura

Located in Musanze province, opposite the Musanze district headquarters, Hotel Muhabura offers 30 rooms and apartments. It provides a cozy environment to relax after gorilla trekking or exploring the northern region of Rwanda.

Gorillas Volcanoes Hotel

Modern hotel with a unique character and a pleasant ambience located in Musanze north of Kigali. The hotel comprises of 31 spacious comfortable rooms with an ensuite bathtub and shower. An impressive bar is attached with the restaurant.

Virunga Lodge

The lodge is situated about an hour’s drive from the park headquarters. Virunga Lodge is currently one of the area’s top lodges and certainly has one of the most spectacular locations of any camp in Africa – high on a ridge overlooking both Lake Burera and Lake Ruhondo.

Le Bambou Gorilla Village

Midrange safari accommodation situated in Northern Province of Rwanda, close to the endangered gorillas in their natural environment (Volcanoes National Park). Le Bambou Gorilla Lodge has an unrivaled reputation for relaxation.

Garr Hotel

Set in the green leafy suburbs of Kigali, Garr Hotel offers a serene environment to the esteemed guest. It is favorably located at 5 minutes walking distance to Kigali’s Golf Club, making it the preferred choice for golfers and other sport enthusiastic guests.

Villa Gorilla

Villa Gorilla is located at Kinigi near the headquarters of Rwanda’s famed Volcanoes National Park, a mere 2 hours’ drive from Kigali International Airport. It has 4 comfortable double occupancy bedrooms, each with private bath and toilet facilities.

La Palme Hotel

La Palme Hotel is a three-star hotel, located in Musanze City offering luxurious accommodation to business and leisure tourists. An exceptional dining experience awaits you in a unique and renowned restaurant that delights your senses with African meals, French, and Oriental kitchens.

Kinigi Guesthouse

The Guest House is situated in Kinigi district only 11 km from Ruhengeri City. It is constructed at the bottom of Sabyinyo volcanic mountain with an altitude of 4,480 m. It accommodates over 40 people—all rooms have electricity and warm water.

Would you like more details on any of these accommodations or help with planning your trip? Contact Us through our website and you can check out our recent blog post on The Best Rwanda Honeymoon Resorts.

Golden monkey trekking in Volcanoes National Park begins at 7:00 AM, the same time as gorilla trekking. These rare and endangered species can be observed in two habituated troops within the park, each consisting of around 80 members.

Golden monkeys inhabit the bamboo forests at the base of the volcanoes. Thanks to habituation, they have become accustomed to daily visits from researchers and tourists. Trekking to see golden monkeys is similar to gorilla trekking, with small groups of no more than eight people. Once the monkeys are located, visitors can spend one hour observing them. These active creatures are fascinating to watch as they leap from tree to tree, although photographing them can be challenging!

A golden monkey trek in Volcanoes National Park is a must-do for wildlife enthusiasts. This rare and delightful experience is not to be missed. Besides Volcanoes National Park, another population of golden monkeys can be found in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Kisoro District, southwestern Uganda.

Booking Golden Monkey Permits

To see golden monkeys, travellers must purchase permits, which allow them to spend an hour with these amazing creatures. Fortunately, Golden Monkey permits are relatively affordable, costing $100 for foreign non-residents, $65 for foreign residents and RWF 4,000 for Rwandan Citizens. Permits can be purchased from the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) in Rwanda. It is advisable to book permits at least three months in advance to ensure availability and allow for proper planning. The cost of a permit includes park entry fees, ranger fees, and government taxes.

Trekking Duration

The time spent trekking to find golden monkeys can vary. It may take as little as 30 minutes or several hours, depending on the monkeys’ movements. Unlike gorillas, golden monkeys do not venture into higher altitudes, which means less strenuous hiking for travellers.

Trekking to the Dian Fossey Tomb is a highly sought-after activity for visitors to Volcanoes National Park, especially those on a gorilla safari. The journey begins with a 30-minute drive from the park headquarters to the trailhead leading to the Karisoke Research Camp. From there, visitors walk for about 10 minutes to reach the park boundary. The hike from the boundary to the research center, where Dian Fossey’s grave is located, takes approximately one to one and a half hours. Along the way, trekkers can enjoy sightings of forest hogs, forest elephants, various primates, and numerous bird species.

This hike is a profound experience, both physically and emotionally. It is inspiring to learn about Dian Fossey’s dedication and the lasting legacy she left behind. The trek involves navigating through forests and ascending slopes, requiring a moderate level of fitness and patience.

At the site, visitors will find the house where Dian Fossey was mysteriously murdered in 1985. Nearby is her grave, where she rests alongside her beloved gorilla friend, Digit, and about 20 other mountain gorillas who were either killed by poachers or died from other causes.

Hiking to the Dian Fossey Tomb is often combined with other tourism activities in Rwanda, such as gorilla trekking, golden monkey tracking, volcano hiking, caving, and visits to the Bulera and Buhondo twin lakes.

Hiking to the summit of Mt. Karisimbi is a must-do activity on a Rwanda safari to Volcanoes National Park. Standing at approximately 4,507 meters above sea level, Mt. Karisimbi is the highest of the eight major volcanoes in the Virunga range and the fifth highest in Africa. This stratovolcano straddles the border between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, situated on the western branch of the African Rift Valley. The volcano’s lavas, dated between 0.24 Ma and 0.010 Ma, indicate its relatively young geological age. The name “Karisimbi” comes from the Kinyarwanda word “amasimbi,” meaning “white shell,” referring to its often white-capped summit.

Flanked by Mt. Mikeno to the north, Mt. Bisoke to the east, and Mt. Nyiragongo to the west, Karisimbi is located within Volcanoes National Park, renowned for its mountain gorillas.

The Climb

Climbing Mt. Karisimbi is a challenging yet rewarding experience, often combined with gorilla trekking within Volcanoes National Park. The ascent begins early in the morning and takes about six hours, navigating through the Bisoke side before reaching the first campsite at an altitude of 3,700 meters for an overnight stay. The journey to the summit is completed the following day.

What to Expect

The hike offers sightings of various bird species, primates such as monkeys and gorillas, and exotic plants across four vegetation belts, from dense forest at the base to the barren volcanic core at the summit. The trails can be muddy, especially during the rainy season, and due to the altitude, rain can occur at any time.

Preparation

Hikers need to be in good health and possess stamina to tackle the slippery slopes leading to the summit, which is often capped with hail and sleet from frequent storms. Hiring a porter for $20 per day to carry luggage and equipment is recommended.

Additional Attractions

Mt. Karisimbi is near the Karisoke Research Center, where the grave of renowned mountain gorilla conservationist Dian Fossey is located. Visitors can also trek to see golden monkeys and mountain gorillas.

For booking a hike to Mount Karisimbi, contact us for more information.

A Rwanda safari is truly incomplete without a visit to the Musanze Caves. Nestled in the heart of Volcanoes National Park in northwestern Rwanda, these caves are a must-see. Officially recognized as a tourism attraction in 2013, the Musanze Caves have become an essential part of any comprehensive safari package in Rwanda.

When you’re on a gorilla tour in Volcanoes National Park, make sure to set aside some time to explore the Musanze Caves, which stretch for two kilometers underground. The Rwanda Development Board (RDB) introduced tours to these caves in 2013 to diversify the country’s tourism offerings. Located in Musanze District, the caves have undergone significant improvements, including the addition of walkways, trails, and stairs that lead you into the dark interior, resembling a house with multiple rooms and corridors. The floor is paved, and stairs have been installed to facilitate movement.

Visiting this volcanic region offers a unique opportunity to understand the geological and geographical history of the area. The Musanze Caves, formed from volcanic eruptions decades ago, can be explored after gorilla tracking in Volcanoes National Park. Their location at the foothills of the park makes them easily accessible for an evening visit.

In addition to the caves, you can explore other spectacular sites nearby, such as the Buhanga Eco-Park, known for the coronation of former Rwandan kings, the panoramic views of the twin lakes Burera and Ruhondo, and the opportunities for climbing Karisimbi and Bisoke volcanoes. You can also trek to Dian Fossey’s grave, go golden monkey trekking, and, of course, experience the famous mountain gorilla trekking.

Mountain gorillas inhabit only two regions in the world: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in southwestern Uganda and the Virunga Mountains, which span the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda. Within the Virunga Mountains, three national parks safeguard these magnificent creatures: Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda, Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda.

Despite Rwanda’s gorilla trekking permit being the most expensive among the three mountain gorilla trekking destinations at $1,500, the country continues to attract the highest number of gorilla trekkers in the region. Several factors contribute to Rwanda’s appeal over its neighbours:

• Excellent Transport Network: Rwanda boasts well-maintained roads from the airport to the park, ensuring a smooth journey.
• Proximity to the Airport: The short three-hour drive from Kigali International Airport to Volcanoes National Park makes it convenient for travellers.
• High-Quality Accommodations: Rwanda offers a range of accommodation options, from luxury to budget, all providing excellent services.
• Security: The guaranteed safety in and around Volcanoes National Park is a significant draw for tourists.
• Easier Treks: The gorilla trekking experience in Volcanoes National Park is generally less strenuous compared to other destinations like Bwindi, which is known for its hilly terrain and dense vegetation.

The gorilla-naming ceremony, known locally as Kwita Izina, is an annual event in Rwanda where all baby gorillas born throughout the year are given names. This tradition is inspired by Rwanda’s ancestral baby-naming ceremonies, which were held shortly after the birth of a child. The primary purpose of naming the baby gorillas is to facilitate the monitoring of each individual within their groups as they move through their habitat.

Kwita Izina also aims to raise both local and international awareness about the importance of protecting the endangered mountain gorillas. The event attracts high-profile individuals from around the world, including celebrities, artists, athletes, and leaders. Held every September in Volcanoes National Park in northwestern Rwanda, the ceremony has become a significant occasion for conservation efforts and community engagement.

Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park is the premier destination for gorilla trekking, followed by Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park. Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo is also gaining popularity for gorilla tourism. In the 1980s, mountain gorilla populations were critically endangered, and gorilla trekking is a sensitive activity that requires strict management to avoid negatively impacting these animals.

To regulate gorilla trekking and ensure its sustainability, the governments of Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda home to the world’s mountain gorillas implemented a permit system. These permits are more expensive than any other wildlife permits to limit the number of visitors. The cost of a gorilla permit is $400-$500 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, $1,500 in Rwanda, and $800 in Uganda. Limiting the number of trekkers helps reduce stress on the gorillas and their habitat, preventing changes in their behaviour or even death. Only eight permits per gorilla group are issued each day to avoid overwhelming the animals with human presence.

To further conserve mountain gorillas, the respective governments and wildlife organizations have established guidelines that trekkers must follow to ensure a harmonious interaction with the gorillas.

Revenue collected from tourists to this park 20% of it goes to the local communities surrounding the park and the rest to the maintenance of the infrastructure in and around the national park.

For more information on gorilla permits in Rwanda, how to book a gorilla trekking permit to volcanoes, guidelines on a Rwanda gorilla safari, dressing code for a gorilla trekking trip right check our website or talk directly to our team at info@davsafaris.com